AE12 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
1. Measurement
Fundamentals 6 hours
1.1 Definition of
measurement and instrumentation, classification of transducers.
1.2 Static Performance Characteristics: Accuracy, Static Error,
Uncertainty, Precision, Repeatability, Resolution,
Linearity, Span, Range, Threshold, Input and Output impedances.
1.3 Dynamic Performance Characteristics: Dynamic Error, Fidelity,
Bandwidth, Speed of Response, Time Constant and Settling Time.
1.4 Error in measurement: Gross errors, Systematic errors and
Random errors.
1.5 Calibration and Standards: Definition and Process of
Calibration, Classification of Standards, Primary, Secondary and working
standards.
I [1 (1.1-1.7)]
2. Electronic Multimeters 4
hours
2.1
Multimeter
or VOM.
2.2
Amplified
DC Meter, Chopper-stabilized amplifier, series-shunt chopper using two MOSFETs.
2.3
Electronic
Multimeter.
2.4
Digital
Voltmeters.
II [4 (4.10), 6(6.1, 6.4,
6.7)]
3.
Resistance and Impedance
Bridges 4 hours
3.1 Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin double bridge.
3.2 Capacitance comparison bridges: Schering Bridge for
measurement of capacitors.
3.3 Inductance comparison bridges: Maxell, Hay and Wien bridges.
3.4 Q-Meter.
II [5 (5.1-5.11), 6(6.9)]
4. Signal Generation 5 hours
4.1 The Sine-wave generator, Frequency Synthesized Signal
Generator, Frequency Divider generator.
4.2 Signal Generator Modulation.
4.3 Sweep-frequency Generator.
4.4 Pulse and Square-wave Generators, Function Generator.
4.5 Audio Frequency Signal Generation.
II [8 (8.1-8.8)]
5. Oscilloscopes
8 hours
5.1
Oscilloscope
Block diagram.
5.2
Cathode Ray tube, CRT circuits.
5.3
Vertical
Deflection System, Delay line, Multiple trace, Horizontal Deflection System.
5.4
Oscilloscope
Probes and Transducers.
5.5
Oscilloscope
techniques, Phase Angle and Time Delay Measurement, Determining Modulation
Characteristics.
5.6
Special
Oscilloscopes: Storage and Sampling Oscilloscopes.
II [7 (7.1-7.11)]
6. Time
and Frequency Measurement 3 hours
6.1
Simple
Frequency counter: Display counting, Time base, Input signal processing, Period
measurement.
6.2
Measurement
Errors: Gating Error, Time-base Error, Trigger level Error.
6.3
Extending
the Frequency range of the Counter.
II [10 (10.1-10.3)]
7. Magnetic
Measurements 4 hours
7.1
Quantities
measured in Magnetism.
7.2
Measurement
of Flux by Induced EMF.
7.3
Testing
properties of Ferromagnetic materials: Permeability, Methods for obtaining B-H
curves by DC and AC testing methods.
7.4
Obtaining
Hysteresis loop of a material under AC operating conditions.
2. [9]
8. Radio
Frequency Power Measurement 4
hours
8.1
Measurement
of RF power: with a Thermocouple RF Ammeter, with an RF Voltmeter and by using
a Toroidal core Current Transformer.
8.2
RF
Power measurement using a Thermal Sensor.
8.3
Thruline
RF Wattmeter.
8.4
Bolometer
method of Power Measurement.
III [22 (22.4-22.6)]; 1. [20 (20.3-20.9)]
9. Receiver
Measurements 5 hours
9.1
Receiver
Basics, Receiver Parameters.
9.2
Measuring
Sensitivity; The Quieting Method, Selectivity Measurement.
9.3
Sweep
Method, Image Response.
9.4
AM
Alignment.
9.5
FM
Receiver Alignment.
9.6
Sweep
Alignment, Nonswept Alignment, Dual sweep Alignment.
III [21(21.3-21.15)]
10. Signal Analysis Instruments 4 hours
10.1
Wave
Analyzers.
10.2
Harmonic
Distortion Analyzers.
10.3
Spectrum
Analysis.
II [ 9 (9.1-9.3)]
11. Transducers 8
hours
11.1
Classification
of Transducers: Input and output
Transducers, Primary sensors vs. Transducers.
Active and passive Transducers, Transponders.
11.2
Resistive
(Strain gauge) Transducer, Inductive and Capacitive Transducers.
11.3
Thermoelectric,
Piezoelectric, Photoelectric, Hall Effect and Electromechanical Transducers.
I [1 (1.4-1.5), 6(6.1-6.3),
7(7.1-7.6)]
12. Digital
Data Acquisition Systems 5 hours
12.1
Digital-to-Analog
Conversion.
12.2
Analog-to-Digital
Conversion: Counter-type A/D Converter, Successive approximation A/D converter, Sample-and-hold circuit.
12.3
Multiplexing:
Digital-to-analog Multiplexing,
Analog-to digital Multiplexing.
12.4
Spatial
Encoders: Encoder using a Binary Counting System, Binary-coded-decimal Disk
Converter, V-brush Binary Encoder
II [12 (12.4-12.7)]
Text Books
I.
D.V.S. Murty ‘Transducers and
Instrumentation’ Prentice Hall of India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2003)
II.
W.D. Cooper and A.D. Helfrick ‘ Electronic Instrumentation and
Measurement Techniques’ Prentice – Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (1988)
III.
Joseph J. Carr ‘Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and
Measurement”, –Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey (1986)
Reference Books
1.
H
S Kalsi, ‘Electronic Instrumentation’, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd,
New Delhi (1995)
2.
I
F Kinnard “Applied Electrical Measurements”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New
York(1956)