DE07 NETWORKS AND TRANSMISSION LINES

1. Network Elements 4 hours

1.1 Active and Passive elements, Unilateral and Bilateral elements, Lumped and Distributed elements, Linear and non-linear elements.

1.2 Resistor parameter (R), Inductance parameter (L) and capacitance parameter (C), their functions and properties.

1.3 Energy sources, concept of voltage source and current source, their ideal and practical representations.

I [1]; II [1]

2. Signal Functions and Transforms 10 hours

2.1 Definitions of Impulse function , Unit step function , and Ramp function. Time shifting of various time functions and their representation on the time (t)- axis.

2.2 Laplace Transform (LT) of a time function. LT of some commonly used time functions. LT of R, L, C and general Impedance . Inverse Laplace Transform (ILT). Initial and Final value theorems. Concept of Convolution integral.

2.3 Analysis of simple circuits on current and voltage basis by using Laplace Transforms. Network analysis-involving first and second order differential equations by using LT.

I [6, 7, 8]; II [4, 8]

3. Network Theorems 6 hours

3.1 Concept of linear and non-linear network/system and a time-invariant system.

3.2 Principle of super-position and the Superposition theorem.

3.3 Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems and their utility.

3.4 Maximum power transfer theorem.

3.5 Substitution theorem.

3.6 Compensation (Attenuation) theorem.

3.7 Millman theorem and its dual.

I [3, 9, 14]; II [6]

4. Network Functions and Parameters 10 hours

4.1 Network parameters (Z (s) and Y(s)) of a One-Port (1-P) network.

4.2 A Two-port (2-P) network, 2-P parameters: Open-circuit impedances (z-parameters), Short-circuit admittances (y-parameters), Hybrid parameters (h-parameters), Transmission parameters ( t or ABCD- parameters). Definitions and determination of 2-P parameters. Relationships between .

4.3 T-section representation of a 2-P network. Image impedance: its definition and value in terms of short circuit and open circuit impedances.

4.4 Symmetrical networks. Ladder network, Bridged-T network, Parallel-T network and Lattice network.

4.5 Poles and zeros and their significance in network functions. Criteria of stability from poles and zero plot.

I [10, 11]; II [7, 9]

5. Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 4 hours

Sinusoidal steady state analysis of series and parallel RL networks. Phasor diagrams. Energy and power in a network with sinusoidal excitation.

I [12]

6. Resonance Circuits, Quality Factor and Selectivity 10 hours

6.1 Series resonance circuits, its phasor diagram and impedance curves at and around the resonance frequency .

6.2 Parallel resonance circuit, its phasor diagram and impedance curves at and around the resonance frequency .

6.3 Definition of Quality Factor (Q-factor) and relationships with L, R, C and for the resonance circuits.

6.4 Concept of selectivity and Bandwidth (BW). Their values in terms of Q and .

6.5 Parallel tuned circuits. Maximum impedance conditions with C/L/ variations. Maximum impedance conditions for high-Q circuits.

6.6 Coupled circuits. Coefficient of coupling (k) and the Mutual inductance (M). Effect on primary and secondary currents. Double-tuned circuits and their use in Radio Receivers.

I [22]; II [10]

7. Transmission Lines 10 hours

7.1 Distributed parameters and primary constants for a transmission line.

7.2 General equation of a transmission line characteristic impedance ()

7.3 Its physical significance, distortion in transmission Lines. Loading of transmission lines.

7.4 Wave propagation in transmission lines. Reflection in open-circuited and short-circuited lines. Insertion losses.

7.5 Parameters of open-wire and coaxial lines at radio frequencies. Concept of voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). Quarter-wave transmission lines as an impedance transformer. Uses of half-wave (), and one-eighth wave () transmission lines.

7.6 Single-stub and double-stub matching. Smith chart and its utility in problem solving for transmission lines.

I [17-20]; II [14]

8. Filters and Attenuators 6 hours

8.1 Types of filters; Low-pass filters (LPF), High-pass filters (HPF), band-pass filters (BPF) and Band-Stop filters (BSP). Their characteristics. Considerations for designing LPF and HPF.

8.2 Symmetrical and asymmetrical attenuators. Design parameters of attenuators type; T, , bridge-T and lattice.

I [23, 24]

Text Books

I. G K Mithal & Ravi Mittal “Network Analysis”, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 14th edn., 2003.

II. G G Bhise, P R Chadha and D C Kulshreshtha, “ Engineering Network Analysis and Filter Design”, Umesh Publications, Delhi, 1999.

Reference Book

1. J D Ryder, “ Networks, Lines and Fields”, Prentice Hall of India, New-Delhi, 2nd edn., 1998.

2. A Chakrabarti, “Circuit Theory-Analysis and Synthesis”, Dhanpat Rai & Co. Delhi, 3rd edn., 2003.