DE09  DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

 

1.   Number Systems and Codes                                                                          5 hours

           

1.1               Introduction.

1.2               Number Systems.

1.3               Binary Number System, Conversion from binary-to-decimal and decimal-to-binary numbers.                     

1.4               Binary Arithmetic (addition/subtraction), Signed Numbers (sign magnitude, 1’s complement and 2‘s complement representation).

1.5               Octal Number System, Conversion to/from Binary, Octal Arithmetic.      

1.6               Hexadecimal Number System, Conversion to/from Binary, Arithmetic.    

1.7               Codes-BCD, Excess-3, Gray, Octal, Hexadecimal and Alphanumeric.     

1.8               Error Codes.                                                                

 

I [ 2 (2.1-2.10)]

 

2.         Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates                                                                 17 hours

 

2.1               Introduction.                                                                 

2.2               Boolean Algebra: Laws, Postulates, Theorems.              

2.3               Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR.

2.4               Boolean functions, Standard Canonical Forms, Realization with gates.

2.5               Karnaugh map representation of Logical Functions.                                

2.6               Simplification of Logic Functions using K-maps.                         

2.7               Simplification Functions specified in Minterms/Maxterms.                       

2.8               Simplification Functions not specified in Minterms/Maxterms.      

2.9               Don’t Care Conditions.                                                 

2.10            Design Examples.                                                                     

2.11            Characteristics of Digital ICs: speed of operation, power dissipation, fanout,  current/voltage levels, noise immunity, operating temperature, power supply.

2.12            Digital Logic Families: RTL (logic operation, loading considerations, noise margins, propagation delay time).

2.13            Direct Coupled Transistor Logic.                                               

2.14            Diode Transistor Logic: NAND gate operation, propagation delays, wired logic. Modified DTL NAND Gate.

2.15            Transistor Transistor Logic: NAND gate operation, clamping diodes.       

2.16            Field Effect Transistors: JFET, enhancement and depletion MOSFETs, switching characteristics.              

2.17            Digital Logic Families: MOS and CMOS: MOSFET NAND/NOR gates, propagation delay times, power dissipation.                                        

2.18            CMOS Logic: CMOS invertor, CMOS transmission gate.                       

2.19            Wired-AND and Open Collector Gates.                                     

2.20            Tristate Gates.             

2.21            Interfacing CMOS and TTL.                                                     

 

I [1 (1.1, 1.3-1.6), 3 (3.7), 4 (4.2-4.4, 4.6-4.8, 4.13-4.15, 4.17) 5 (5.1-5.8)]              

 

 

3.         Multiplexers and Demultiplexers                                                                  3 hours

 

3.1               Multiplexers.

3.2               Combinational Logic Design using Multiplexers.             

3.3               Multiplexer Tree.                                                          

3.4               Demultiplexers/Decoders and their Use in Combinational Logic Design.  

 

I [6 (6.2-6.3)]

 

4.         Combinational Logic Circuits                                                                        7 hours

 

4.1               Half Adders/Subtractors, Full Adders/Subtractors.                      

4.2               Adders, Cascading of Adders and their Use as Subtractors.                    

4.3               BCD Adders/Subtractors.                                                         

4.4               Digital Comparators.                                                     

4.5               Parity Generator/Checkers.                                                       

4.6               Code Converters: BCD to binary, binary to BCD.                       

4.7               Priority Encoders: decimal to BCD, octal to binary           .          

4.8               Decoders/Drivers for Display Devices (Common Anode/Cathode): BCD to decimal, BCD to seven-segment.                                   

 

I [5 (5.8), 6 (6.4–6.5, 6.7-6.11)]

 

5.         Flip Flops                                                                                                        10 hours

 

5.1               Introduction.                                                                 

5.2               1-bit Memory Cell.                                                                   

5.3               Clocked S-R Flip Flop, Preset and Clear.                                               

5.4               J-K Flip Flop, Race Around Condition, Master-Slave Flip Flop.    

5.5               D Flip Flops.                                                                            

5.6               T Flip Flops.                                                                             

5.7               Excitation Table of FF, Design of a Clocked FF.                         

5.8               Edge Triggered Flip Flop.                                                          

5.9               Bounce Elimination.                                                                  

5.10      Shift Registers: SISO, PIPO, SIPO, PISO, bi-directional registers, ring counters and twisted ring counters, sequence generator.                 

5.11      Asynchronous Counters: up-down counters, mod-N counters, ICs.

5.12      Synchronous Counters: design, lock out, ICs, cascading of counters.        

 

I [7 (7.1-7.7, 7.9, 7.10), 8 (8.2-8.5)]

 

6.         Semiconductor Memories                                                                              7 hours

 

6.1               Memory Organization, Read Operation, Write Operation.            

6.2               Expanding Memory Size: expanding word size and word capacity.

6.3               Memories: principle of operation.                                               

6.4               ROM, PROM, EPROM; organization, programming mechanisms.           

6.5               Read Write Memories: bipolar cell, MOS RAMs (static and dynamic).    

 

I [11 (11.2, 11.3, 11.6, 11.7)]

 

7.         A/D and D/A Converters                                                                                11 hours

 

7.1               Introduction.                                                                 

7.2               D/A Converters, Weighted Resistance D/A Converters.             

7.3               R-2R Ladder D/A Converter.                                                   

7.4               Specifications for D/A Converters.                                            

7.5               An Example (input code, output, calibration/adjustments).            

7.6               Analog to Digital Converters- Quantization and Error.                 

7.7               Parallel Comparator A/D Converter.                                         

7.8               Successive Approximation A/D Converter.                                

7.9               Counting type A/D Converter.                                                   

7.10            Dual Slope A/D Converter.                                                       

7.11            A/D Converter using Voltage to Frequency Conversion.             

7.12            A/D Converter using Voltage to Time Conversion.                                 

7.13            An Example: operation, digital output, analog input, calibration.    

 

I [10 (10.1-10.3, 10.5, 10.6)]

 

 

Text Books

 

I.          R.P.Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2nd Edition, New Delhi. 1997.

 

Reference Books

 

  1. H.Taub and D.Schilling,”Digital Integrated Electronics”. McGraw-Hill 1977.