DE11 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

 

1.         Measurement Fundamentals                                                                         6 hours

 

1.1               Definition of measurement and instrumentation, classification of transducers.

1.2               Static Performance Characteristics: Accuracy, Precision, Linearity, Transmitters, Transponders, Hystersis, Dead band.

1.3               Errors in measurement: Gross errors, Systematic errors and Random errors.

1.4               Calibration and Standards.

 

     II [1 (1.1-1.7)]; III [1 (1.4)]

 

2.         Current & Voltage Measurements                                                                4 hours

 

2.1               Multimeter or VOM.

2.2               Electrostatic rectifiers & thermocouple instruments.

2.3               Electronic Multimeters.

2.4               Digital Voltmeters.       

 

I [4 (4.25), 6 (6.2)]; III [9 (9.7)]

 

3.         Resistance and Impedance Bridges                                                              4 hours

 

3.1               Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin double bridge.

3.2               Capacitance comparison bridges: Schering Bridge for measurement of  capacitors.

3.3               Inductance comparison bridges: Maxell, Hay and Wien bridges.

3.4               Q-Meter.

 

            I [10 (10.7), 11 (11.2, 11.3, 11.9-11.14)]

 

4.         Signal Generation                                                                                           5 hours

 

            4.1        The Sine-wave generator, Frequency Synthesized Signal Generator, Frequency Divider generator.

4.1               Sweep-frequency Generator.

4.2               Pulse and Square-wave Generators, Function Generator.

4.3               Audio Frequency Signal Generation.

 

            I [8 (8.4, 8.7-8.9, 8.11)]                                                                                             

 

5.         Oscilloscopes                                                                                                8 hours

 

5.1               Oscilloscope Block diagram.

5.2               Cathode Ray tube.

5.3               Vertical Deflection System, Delay line, Multiple trace, Horizontal Deflection System.

5.4               Oscilloscope Probes and Transducers.

5.5               Special Oscilloscopes: Storage and Sampling Oscilloscopes. (Basics only)

 

            I [7 (7.1-7.10, 7.17, 7.18)]

 

6.         Frequency and Phase Measurement                                                             5 hours

 

6.1               Frequency and Phase measurements using CRO.

6.2               Frequency counters, Period measurement.

6.3               Extending the Frequency range of the Counter.

6.4               Digital frequency & period counters.

 

            I [6 (6.3, 6.7), 7 (7.20)]

 

7.         Magnetic Measurements                                                                               2 hours

 

7.1               Quantities measured in Magnetism.

7.2               Measurement of Flux by Induced EMF.

 

            1 [9]

 

8.         Radio frequency Power Measurement                                                          4 hours

 

8.1               Measurement of RF power: with a Thermocouple RF Ammeter, with an RF Voltmeter and by using a Toroidal core Current Transformer.

8.2               RF Power measurement using a Thermal Sensor.

8.3               Thruline RF Wattmeter.

8.4               Bolometer method of Power Measurement.

 

            2 [22 (22.4-22.6)]; I [20 (20.3-20.9)]

 

9.         Receiver Measurements                                                                               5 hours

 

9.1               Receiver Basics, Receiver Parameters.

9.2               Measuring Sensitivity; The Quieting Method, Selectivity Measurement.

9.3               Sweep Method, Image Response.

9.4               AM Alignment.

9.5               FM Receiver Alignment.

9.6               Sweep Alignment, Nonswept Alignment, Dual sweep Alignment.

           

            2 [21 (21.3-21.15)]

 

10.       Signal Analysis Instruments                                                                           4 hours

 

10.1            Wave Analyzers.

10.2            Harmonic Distortion Analyzers.

10.3            Spectrum Analysers.

           

            I [9 (9.2, 9.5, 9.6)]

 

11.       Transducers                                                                                                    8 hours

 

11.1            Classification of Transducers:  Input and output Transducers, Primary sensors vs. Transducers.  Active and passive Transducers, Transponders.

11.2            Resistive (Strain gauge) Transducer, Inductive and Capacitive Transducers.

11.3            Thermoelectric, Piezoelectric, Photoelectric, Hall Effect and Electromechanical Transducers.

 

            II [1 (1.4-1.5), 6 (6.1-6.3), 7 (7.1-7.6)]

 

12.       Digital Data Acquisition Systems                                                                   5 hours

 

12.1            Digital-to-Analog Conversion.

12.2            Analog-to-Digital Conversion: Counter-type A/D Converter, Successive approximation  A/D converter, Sample-and-hold circuit.

12.3            Multiplexing: Digital-to-analog  Multiplexing, Analog-to digital Multiplexing.

 

I [17 (17.4, 17.5, 17.7)]

 

 

Text Books

 

I.                   H.S. Kalsi ‘Electronic Instrumentation’  Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi (1995). 

II.                D.V.S. Murty ‘Transducers and Instrumentation’ Prentice- Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (1995).

III.             C.S. Rangan, G.R. Sarma and V.S.V. Mani ‘Instrumentation Devices and Systems’, Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi (1983).   

                 

Reference Books

 

1.         I.F. Kinnard “Applied Electrical Measurements”, John Wily & Sons, Inc. New York (1956)

2.         Joseph J. Carr “Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement”, Prentice Hall, Englewood Chiffs, New Jersey (1986)