DE18 TELEVISION ENGINEERING

 

1.         Introduction to Television System                                                                 1 hour

 

1.1               Picture and Sound Transmission, basic B&W and colour TV Cameras.

1.2               Elementary TV transmission.

1.3               Simple B&W and colour receivers.

1.4               Synchronization.

1.5               Receiver controls.

 

I [1 (1.1 – 1.5)]; II [1]

 

2.         Television Pictures                                                                                        2 hours

 

2.1               Characteristics of the human eye – brightness perception, picture contrast and tonal gradation, viewing distance, luminance, hue and saturation.

2.2               Aspect ratio.

2.3               Rectangular scanning, interlaced scanning, number of scanning lines.

2.4               Persistence of vision and flicker.

2.5               Vertical resolution, Kell factor, horizontal resolution, bandwidth.

 

I [2 (2.1-2.4, 2.6)]; II [2]

 

3.         Television Cameras                                                                                       8 hours

 

3.1               Camera optics – compound lenses, focal power, aberrations due to lenses.

3.2               Viewing angle, field view, lens speed, lens turret, zoom lenses.

3.3               Auto focussing systems.

3.4               Colour filter wheel dichroic block.

3.5               Television camera pickups, light transfer characteristics, sensitivity, dark current, lag characteristics, resolving power.

3.6               T.V. Camera Tubes – basic principles.

3.7               Principles of operation of image orthicon, vidicon,  plumbicon, silicon diode array vidicon, newicon.

3.8               Charge Coupled Devices (CCD).

3.9               Aperture correction.

3.10            Gamma correction.

3.11            Camera tube operation with high light levels – flare – halo effect, beam pulling, comet-tail.

3.12            Automatic beam control (ABC) or automatic beam optimisation (ABO).

3.13            Lag at low illumination – bias light.

3.14            Bloc diagram of a typical three tube camera chain consisting of red, green and blue tubes.

I [3 (3.1-3.7)]; II [3]

 

4.         TV Picture Tubes                                                                                           6 hours

 

4.1               Monochromatic tubes – electron gun, deflection and focusing, screen phosphor, picture tube characteristics and control.

4.2               Raster centering adjustments, pin cushion distortion correction.

4.3               Monochromatic Picture Tube troubles.

4.4               Colour picture tubes, Delta gun tube, PIL gun tube, trintron cathode-in-line tube.

4.5               Degaussing, automatic degaussing.

4.6               Common faults in colour picture tube.

 

I [4 (4.1-4.10)]; II [4]

 

5.         Composite Video Signal                                                                                 3 hours

 

5.1               Video signal dimensions, dc components, pedestal height, blanking pulses.

5.2               Colour burst.

5.3               Horizontal sync pulses.

5.4               Vertical sync details, equalizing pulses, scanning sequence details.

 

I [5 (5.1-5.5)]; II [5]

 

6.         Colour Signal Generation and Encoding                                                        6 hours

 

6.1               Perception of brightness, colour.

6.2               Additive colour mixing, Grassman’s Law.

6.3               Video signals for colours, desaturated colours.

6.4               Luminance (Y) signal, bandwidth of (Y) signal, compatibility.

6.5               Generation of colour-difference signals.

6.6               Encoding of colour-difference signals, quadrature modulation.

6.7               Frequency interleaving, colour sub carrier frequency.

6.8               Generation of chrominance (C) signal.

6.9               Weighting correction.

6.10            PAL encoder.

6.11            Waveform of composite colour signal for 100% saturated and 100% amplitude colours of a colour bar pattern.

 

I [6 (6.1–6.10)]; II [6]

 

7.         Television Signal Transmission and Propagation                                          8 hours

 

7.1               Picture signal transmission.

7.2               Amplitude modulation, negative and positive modulation.

7.3               Vestigial side band transmission.

7.4               Sound signal transmission.

7.5               F.M. modulation – generation of frequency modulation (reactance modulator, varactor diode modulator).

7.6               Sound signal bandwidth.

7.7               Standard channel bandwidth for TV transmission as per CCIR (Indian & European) standards.

7.8               Location of colour signal.

7.9               Block diagram of monochrome TV transmitter.

7.10            TV signal propagation, interference suffered by TV signals.

7.11            TV broadcast channels.

7.12            TV transmission antennas, Turnstile array, dipole pannel, antenna system combining network.

 

I [7 (7.1-7.10)]; II [7]

 

8.         Television Systems & Standards                                                                   6 hours

 

8.1               American 525 line B&W TV system.

8.2               NTSC colour system, NTSC coder & decoder block diagrams.

8.3               625 line monochrome system.

8.4               PAL colour system, colour burst in PAL system.

8.5               PAL colour, coder and decoder block diagrams.

8.6               French B&W and SECAM colour system.

8.7               Television standards – CCIR-B-PAL and G-PAL standards.

8.8               Relative merits and demerits of NTSC, PAL and SECAM TV systems.

 

I [8 (8.1 – 8.6)]; II [8]

 

9.         TV Receivers                                                                                                 10 hours

 

9.1               Monochrome TV receiver – various stages and controls (RF, IF and sound section, sync separation and processing, deflection circuits, AGC, DC power supplies, regulated and switched mode power supplies (SMPS)).

9.2               PAL-D colour receiver -  various stages and controls (tunner, IF, amplifier, AFT control,  sound IF detector, video IF detector, AGC).

9.3               Y signal channel, sync separator, deflection circuits.

9.4               Chroma band pass amlifier, burst phase discriminator, reference oscillator, burst phase identification.

9.5               Colour killer.

9.6               Delay line separation of U&V signals, U&V signal demodulators.

9.7               Matrixing network, R, G & B drive amplifier & picture tube.

 

I [9 (9.1 – 9.10), 10 (10.1 – 10.10)] ; II [9]

 

 

 

10.       TV Receiver Circuits, Trouble-shooting, Servicing & Alignment               8 hours

 

10.1            Servicing instruments, use of CRO, sweep generator.

10.2            Colour bar pattern generator.

10.3            Colour TV pattern generator.

10.4            High voltage probes, Safety Precautions.

10.5            Monochrome receiver circuits, alignment and testing.

10.6            TV test charts, trouble shooting and servicing.

10.7            Colour TV circuits, alignment.

10.8            Common faults and servicing.

10.9            TV receiver antennas, Yagi, parabolic reflector antennas, indoor telescopic antenna, balun, coaxial cable, trouble shooting Antenna set-ups.

10.10        Booster amplifier.

 

I [20 (20.1-20.15), 22 (22.1-22.10), 23 (23.1-23.5), 24 (24.1 – 24.3), 25 (25.1-25.6)]; II [10]

 

11.       Remote Control Terminal and Special Circuits                                             2 hours

 

11.1            Electronic remote control terminal-block diagram & working.

11.2            Digital tunning techniques.

11.3            PLL control.

11.4            Special Circuits -TV tuner, automatic fine tuning(AFT), automatic frequency control (AFC).

11.5            Automatic brightness control.

 

I [11 (11.1-11.7)]; II [11]

 

 

Text Books

 

I.                    Modern Television Practice, Principles and Servicing, 2nd edition – by R.R. Gulati, New Age International Publishers, Delhi.

II.                 Television Engineering by D.R. Mehta (in press).

 

Reference Books

 

1.         Basic Television and Video Systems, 6th edition – by Bernard Grobe, Mc Graw Hill International Book Company.